Governor for internal combustion engine



June. 9, 1959 I w. c. 'EBERLINE 2,889,850

GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Dec. 15. 1954 2Sheets-Sheet 1 I I l,

FIG./

u r INVENTOR.

VV/LL/AM C. EBERL/NE A TTORNEYS.

June 9, 1959 w.'-c. EBERLINE covERNoR EoR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEFiled Dec. 15. 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR. C. EBEEL/NE'ATTORNEYS.

WILL/AM Pate T RNA EN E William C. Eberline, Cass City, Mich.Application December 15, 1954, Serial No. 475,429

10 Claims. c1. 137 '-si4.s

GOVERNOR FOR CQMQUSIION This invention relates to a governor forinternal combustion engines and it is concerned particularly with agovernor to be disposed -in-the fuel supply line and which is influencedby differential pressuresin the fuel supply line incident to-thevelocity head of the fuel mixture and operation of the engine.

'The invention is believed to be particularly adaptable posed to supply,and one'which prevents'the engine from ope'rating at excessively 'highspeeds which condition may'eceun'ro'r example, when the engine is beingoperated by a relatively unskilled person.

In carryin'g out'the' object of the invention it is the purpose toprovide a governor of simple operating parts, which will provide anicet'y of action whichwilloperate "silently and which," althoughin'fluenced' by the velocity head of the fuel mixture and'differentialpressures,"will take relatively stablepositionseven though influenced bythe pulsations of the fuel'mixture of aiiengineghaving only one or twocylinders? To this end, the movable element of the"gove'rnor is more 'orless in pneumatic i The accompanying drawings show governors constructedin accordance with the invention." Fig; 1 is a se'ctio'nal'viewillustrating a carburetor with a governor appliedthereto showing thegovernor in wide open position'.*" i

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the governor in a'positionfor restricting flow of fuel.

{Fig.3 is asectional view ofthe governor taken substantially online 3 3of Fig. 2 and showing some of the governor construction. t Fig. 4 is a'view 'of the governor removed from the a b d' if. V. f LI" Fig. 5 is aview taken substantially on line 5-5 of Fig.4. 7 Fig. 6 is a view of astop member.

Fig. 7" is 'avieWsimilar-to Fig. 1 illustrating a modified form ofthe'inve'n'tion showing the'g o'veriior in-open position. 1 f! Fig. 8 isa partial view similar to Fig. 7 showing the governor in a positior'rforrestricting flow'of fuel. ,'Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken on line 9 9of Fig. 7.

The governor may be directly associated with the carburetor andpositioned between the outlet side of the carburetor and an intakemanifold leading to the engine or to a passage directly in theen'gineblock. Thecar buretor shoe/111m Fig. l has a body 1 'with an airinlet passagefiand a throttle"valve'3; The carburetor has a restartpassage "4 andtheli'quid fuel passa'g'eis shown at 5 and the fuel entersthe passage 6 downstream from the restricted throat-ofthe venturithrough ports 7 and 8-.-' A choke valve is shown at 9.

The carburetor may have a suitable flange 12 for connection-10amanifoldconduitlfi although, as stated above,- the conduit 13 formingthe fuel passage 14 may be a'part'of the engine block.- 1 Thegovernor,as shown in Fig. 4, has a body of hollow circular form. In other words,the body 20 is of ring-like form and it has an extension 21 projectingtherefromso that the fuel-mixture may flow through the ringbody-Zt) andpast the extension 21 which, as shown in Pig. 3,'is of flattened form;'The extension 21 has a bore therein-constituting a cylinder 22, closedat its bottom end and opening-'into'the ringmember 20. The movablethrottling member 22 has a piston portion 23 positioned in thiscylinderand a coil spring 25 is positioned back of the piston. Forthis purpose,the piston portion may be hollow on its downstream side to provideadequate spring length. The governing member 22 has a head 28 which isslidable relative to and within thebody 20 with some clearance. Thespring normally projects the head to the position shown in Fig. 1 and astop is provided.- One' form of stop is shown in Fig. 6; itcomprises alength of suitable Wire-like'metal formed with a single convolution 24,a projecting part 26 and an inwardly extending end '27 which serves asthe stop proper. The body 20 has a circumferential groove 2h which, atleast-in one place, is provided with a notch 30 which extends throughthe end of the body 20. The convolution 25 is snapped into the groove 29and the portion 26 passes out through the groove 30 so that the stoppart 27 is positioned to engage the head 23. The

spring normally. holds the movable governing member withits head againstthe stop 27. In this position the fuel mixture may pass around the headthrough the portion 6a of the passage through the body 20 and into Theextension 21in the form shown in Fig. 1 has two passages therein asindicated at- 33 and 34. These passages open forwardly, so to speak,into the body 20 and are connected into the cylinder 22 by ports 35 and36. These ports are preferably positioned forwardly, orabove, so tospeak, of the back end of the 'cylirider22. Ineach passage 33 and 34 arestricted orifice brief 40 and 41 may be placed'for reasons which "willpresently appear.

The governor may be mounted by positioning the body sothafthe ring 20projects into the passage 6 and the convolution 25 seats against theedge of flange 12. Then 'the' carburetor and the member 13 may beconnected through their respective flanges, or other means, and thepassage 14 maysnugly fit the external surfaces of the body 20 andextension '21.

/ a The convolution 25 is engag'ed' between the members 12 and 13 tohold the gov- "errior in' position.

In the operation of this governor air flows in through the venturi aridthe fuel is mixed therewith downstream from'theventuri restriction'aridthe operation of the motofjisgen'er'ally controlled by the throttlevalve 9. At low" speeds, the governing member lies against the stop "27for a substantially unrestricted flow of the fuel mixturethrough thegovernor and into the manifold pas- "sage'14. Obviously' the presence ofthe governor re- 't'obe so proportioned that adequate fuel reaches themo- "tor to'provide for the maximum motor or engine torque. As the speedof the motor increases, the rate of flow of the"fuel mixture increasesand the head 23 is subjected to the velocity head of the fuel mixture.Also the opera'tionoflthe engine' causes a reduction of pressure onstricts the passage but the passage and the governor are the engine sideof the head 23. These two factors may be considered as differentialpressures. The differential pressures on the head 28 causes the governormember 22 to retract against the spring 25 and in this movement thepassage for the fuel between the head 28 and the ring body 20 isdecreased. If the head be retracted completely into the ring, a verysmall passage is provided which then, of course, materially cuts theflow of fuel to the engine.

In addition, however, the member 23 is pneumatically balanced. Thepressure incident to the velocity head is communicated into the passages33 and 34 thence through ports 35 and 36 to the back side of the piston23. Thus this pressure, which varies with the velocity head, exerts acounter-balancing force on the pressure applied to the head 28. Theeffective area of the piston is less than that of the head 28. Thisbalances the member 22 and stabilizes it. In other words, the member 22has a minimum of fluttering. This is especially advantageous in smallengines having only one or two cylinders where the flow of fuel issubjected to impulses. This pneumatic balance irons out the impulses andthe governor member remains relatively stable. When conditions are suchthat the governor member is retracted rapidly or quickly against theaction of the spring, the piston 23 closes off the ports 35 and 36 andthen the pressure under the piston is trapped in the cylinder 22 and thestructure serves as a dash pot thus to prevent the member 20 fromstriking the bottom of the cylinder and causing an audible impact. Itmight be pointed out too that there is a flexibility to the stop 27 andthe blow of the head 28 striking it is cushioned.

The governor structure shown herein can be used with several differenttypes or sizes of engines but the orifice members 40 and 41 may bevaried to adapt the governor to different engines. In other words, oneengine may require smaller jet orifices and another may require largerjet orifices.

In the form shown in Fig. 7 many of the carburetor parts are the same asthose heretofore described and therefore the same reference charactersapplied. Indeed, the same reference characters are applied to identicalparts of the governor. In this form, however, there is a single passage50 in the governor member which opens through its head and extends tothe underside of the piston. The cylinder 51 has a port 52. Thisstructure operates essentially the same as the previous form in that thegovernor moves incident to the differential pressures and throttles theflow of fuel, and the movable member is partially pneumatically balancedby the pressure which is communicated through the passage 50 to theunderside of the piston. The small port 52 provides for a bleedingaction but offers suflicient restriction so that some pressure is builtup back of the piston to etfeet the pneumatic balance of the governormember and thus stabilized its movements. However, when the movablemember moves far enough rearwardly the piston closes off the port 52 anda dash pot is thus established since the pressure is then trapped backof the piston.

When the dash pot action is established in either form I of theinvention, it will be appreciated that the fluid contents under pressureis not absolutely trapped tight therein since there is an escape throughthe relatively loosely fitting surfaces of the piston and its cylinder.In other words, the piston fits in the cylinder with a nice sliding fitbut there are no piston rings or other elements to seal the interfaces.However, as the differential pressures lessen, for example, due to theclosing or partial closing of the throttle or deceleration of the engineunder load, the governing member moves to the left as Figs. 1 and 7 areviewed. The first increment of this movement may be decelerated becausethe ports are closed. But as soon as the ports 33 and 34 of Fig. 1 orthe port 52 of Fig. 7 are open, the governing member is free to move tothe left as controlled by the differential pressures and spring.

As stated above, the governor and the sizes of the passageways areselected relative to the size and capacity of the engine with which theyare to be used. As an example, it may be pointed out that an engine witha wide open throttle may operate at about 7000 rpm. A governor may beselected for holding down the engine speed to about 4000 rpm. Due regardmust be given to the supply of adequate fuel for maximum torque of theengine which, for example, may be at about 3600 r.p.m. Therefore, itwill be seen that the governor should be so arranged with reference tothe differential areas subjected to pressure and the strength of thespring so that the passage remains Widely open at the speed where theengine develops maximum torque, to thus pass a full supply of fuel tothe engine. The governor is preferably arranged to begin to exert itsgoverning action in the vicinity of or perhaps slightly above that rpm.where the engine develops its maximum torque.

I claim:

1. A governor structure for an internal combustion engine comprising, acylindrical member adapted to be telescopically received andfrictionally retained in a fuel supply conduit and being of hollow formfor passage of fluid fuel therethrough, said member having an interiorextension of cylinder form spaced from the interior walls of saidmember, a governing member having a piston portion disposed in thecylinder and a head portion with a diameter substantially that of theinterior walls of said cylindrical member for metering the hollow ofsaid member, spring means acting upon the governing member for holdingthe head in open position spaced from said member, said governing memberbeing under the influence of differential pressures and fuel mixturevelocity, so that under said influences it moves toward meteringposition with the head moving into the hollow of the member, and conduitmeans with an open end facing directly upstream into the flowing fueland connecting into the cylinder to place the governor member in partialpneumatic balance.

2. A governor structure for an internal combustion engine comprising, abody member adapted to be slipped into a fuel supply conduit to engagethe walls of said conduit in a close relation and being of hollow formfor passage of fluid fuel therethrough, said member having an interiorcylinder with the outer walls spaced from the inner walls of said bodymember, a governing member having a piston portion disposed in theinterior cylinder and a head portion of about the diameter of the innerwalls of said body member for metering the hollow of said member, springmeans acting upon the governing member for holding the head in openposition spaced from said body member, said governing member being underthe influence of diflerential pressures and fuel mixture velocity, sothat under said influences it moves toward metering position with thehead moving into the hollow of the member, and conduit means with anopen end facing upstream and connecting into the cylinder to place thegovernor member in partial pneumatic balance, and orifice means in theinterior cylinder separate from the hollow form for the passage of fuelfor controlling the piston motion into said cylinder.

3. A governor structure for an internal combustion engine comprising, abody member adapted to be disposed in a fuel supply conduit and being ofhollow form for passage of fluid fuel therethrough, said member havingan extension of cylinder form, a governing member having a pistonportion disposed in the cylinder and a head portion for metering thehollow of said member, spring means acting upon the governing member forholding the head in open position spaced axially from said member, saidgoverning member being under the influence of differential pressures andfuel mixture velocity, so that under said influences it moves axiallytoward metering position with the head moving into the hollow of themember, and conduit means with an open end ifacing'upstre'amandco'nnecting' into the cylinder to "place the governor member inpartial pneumatic balance, a"port"interconnec ting the cylinder with theconduit means downstream from the head portion of the govern- 'ingmember, said port'being Opened and closed by movements of the piston,the body having an external groove therein,'and a member of elongatedwire-like form having a convolution mounted in said groove and a partprojectingupst'ream from the body member, said part having an extremeend portion projecting inwardly of the fuel supply passage andpositioned to be engaged by and to form a stop for the governing memberto limit its movement incident to the action of said spring.

4. A governor structure for an internal combustion engine comprisingabody member adapted to be disposed in a fuel supply conduit and being ofhollow form for" passage of fluid fuel therethrough, said member havingan extension of cylinder forrn, a governing member having a pistonportion disposed in the cylinder and a head portion for metering thehollow of said member, spring means acting uponthe governing member forholding the head in open position spaced from said member, saidgoverning member being under the influence of differential pressures andfuel mixture velocity, so that under said influences it moves towardmetering position with the head moving into the hollow of the member,conduit means opening upstream and connecting into the cylinder, wherebypressure incident to velocity head is communicated to the underside ofthe piston to place the governing member in partial pneumatic balance,and a port in the cylinder positioned to be opened and closed bymovements of the piston, whereby when closed, the cylinder at theunderside of the piston is closed to thereby check movements of thegoverning member, the body having an external groove therein, and amember of elongated wire-like form having a convolution mounted in saidgroove and a part projecting upstream from the body member, said parthaving an extreme end portion projecting inwardly of the fuel supplypassage and positioned to be engaged by and to form a stop for thegoverning member to limit its movement incident to the action of saidspring.

5. A governor structure for an internal combustion engine comprising, abody member adapted to be disposed in a fuel supply conduit and being ofhollow form for passage of fluid fuel therethrough, said member havingan extension of cylinder form, a governing member having a pistonportion disposed in the cylinder and a head portion for metering thehollow of said member, spring means acting upon the governing member forholding the head in open position spaced from said member, saidgoverning member being under the influence of differential pressures andfuel mixture velocity, so that under said influences it moves towardmetering position with the head moving into the hollow of the member,the cylinder having a port in its wall communicating with the fuelpassageway downstream from the governing member, said port being closedby the piston as the governing member shifts incident to pressure tothereby close the cylinder, whereby further movement of the governingmember is checked, the body having an external groove therein, and amember of elongated wire-like form having a convolution mounted in saidgroove and a part projecting upstream from the body member, said parthaving an extreme end portion projecting inwardly of the fuel supplypassage and positioned to be engaged by and to form a stop for thegoverning member to limit its movement incident to the action of saidspring.

6. A governor structure for an internal combustion engine comprising, abody member adapted to be slipped into a fuel supply conduit to engagethe Walls of said conduit in a close relation and being of hollow formfor the passage of fluid fuel therethrough, a governing member slidablymounted in the body member and being under'the influence of differentialpressures and velocity head, said governing member having a governingpart about the size of the hollow portion of the body member formetering the passagethrough the body member when it is shifted bysaidpressures, the mounting including a cylinder in one member and apiston on the other member mounted within and spaced from the innerwalls of the body member, spring means acting on the governing member inopposition to the forces exerted by the differential pressures, andconduit means with an open end facing upstream and connecting into thecylinder on the underside of the said piston through the space betweenthe body member and the mounting to place the governing member inpartial pneumatic balance, whereby to minimize fluttering of thegoverning member.

7.'A governor structure for an internal combustion engine comprising, abody member adapted 'to be disposed in a fuel supply conduit and beingof hollow form for the passage of fluid fuel therethrough, a governing'mernber 'slidablymount'ed in the body'member and being under theinfluence of differential pressures and velocity head, said governingmember having a governing part for metering the passage through the bodymember when it is shifted by said pressures, the mounting including acylinder in one member and a piston on the other member, spring meansacting on the governing member in opposition to the forces exerted bythe differential pressures, and conduit means with an open end facingupstream and connecting into the cylinder on the underside of saidpiston to place the governing member in partial pneumatic balance,whereby to minimize fluttering of the governing member, a port in thecylinder positioned to be closed by the piston therein when thegoverning member moves toward restricting position, to thereby close thecylinder so that the same effects a dash pot action to check movementsof the governing member.

8. A governor structure for an internal combustion engine comprising, abody member adapted to be disposed in a fuel supply conduit and being ofhollow form for the passage of fluid fuel therethrough, a governingmember slidably mounted in the body member and being under the influenceof differential pressures and velocity head, said governing memberhaving a governing part for metering the passage through the body memberwhen it is shifted by said pressures, the mounting including a cylinderin one member and a piston on the other member, spring means acting onthe governing member in opposition to the forces exerted by thedifferential pressures, a passage in the governing member openingthrough the metering part and communicating into the cylinder under saidpiston, whereby pressure is communicated into the cylinder to place thegoverning member in partial pneumatic balance to minimize flutteringthereof, the body having an external groove therein, and a member ofelongated wire-like form having a convolution mounted in said groove anda part pro jecting upstream from the body member, said part having anextreme end portion projecting inwardly of the fuel supply passage andpositioned to be engaged by and to form a stop for the governing memberto limit its movement incident to the action of said spring.

9. A governor structure for an internal combustion engine comprising, abody member adapted to be disposed in a fuel supply conduit and being ofhollow form for the passage of fluid fuel therethrough, a governingmember slidably mounted in the body member and being under the influenceof differential pressures and velocity head, said governing memberhaving a governing part for metering the passage through the body memberwhen it is shifted by said pressures, the mounting including a cylinderin one member and a piston on the other member, spring means acting onthe governing member in opposition to the forces exerted by thedifferential pressures, a passage in the governing member openingthrough the metering part and communicating into the cylinder under saidpiston, whereby pressure is communicated into the cylinder to place thegoverning member in partial pneumatic balance to minimize flutteringthereof, and a port in the cylinder communicating with the fuelpassageway downstream from the governing part, said port beingpositioned to be closed by the piston upon movement of the governingmember substantially to restricted position, whereby to effect a dashpot action and check movements of the governing member, the body havingan external groove therein, and a member of elongated wire-like formhaving a convolution mounted in said groove and a part projectingupstream from the body member, said part having an extreme end portionprojecting inwardly of the fuel supply passage and positioned to beengaged by and to form a stop for the governing member to limit itsmovement incident to the action of said spring.

10. A governing structure for an internal combustion engine comprising,a body member adapted to be dis posed in a fuel supply conduit, agoverning member slid ably disposed in the body member and which isshiftable in its governing action, spring means acting upon thegoverning member in opposition to said movement thereof, the body havingan external groove therein, and a member of elongated wire-like formhaving a convolu tion mounted in said groove and a part projectingupstream from the body member, said part having an extreme end portionprojecting inwardly of the fuel supply passage and positioned to beengaged by and to form a stop for the governing member to limit itsmovement incident to the action of said spring.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,537,943 Hufiord May 19, 1925 1,537,945 Hutiord May 19, 1925 1,563,378Knauss Dec. 1, 1925 1,610,499 Dybens Dec. 14, 1926 1,659,704 Rhodes Feb.21, 1928 2,224,216 Coberly Dec. 10, 1940 2,353,143 Bryant July 11, 1944

